Global Leadership And Organizational Behavior

Worldwide Leadership And Organizational Behavior Initiative has animated a huge number of examination reads for social researchers for more than 60 years (Yukl, 2006). In excess of 400 definitions have been proposed to clarify the elements of administration (Crainer, 1995; Fleishman et al., 1991), yet Crainer (1995) tended to that it is an authentic minefield of misconception and distinction through which scholars and experts must track carefully (p. 12). Authority is, hence, not a simple idea to characterize. While one meaning of initiative, straightforwardly identified with our conversation, is the framework proposed by Stogdill (1950), whose work profoundly affected one of phases of examination to be experienced beneath: Administration might be considered as the procedure (demonstration) of impacting the exercises of a sorted out gathering in its endeavors toward objective defining and objective accomplishment (p. 3). Three components can be tended to in this definition: impact, gathering and objective. To start with, administration is seen as a procedure of impact where the pioneer affects others by initiating them to carry on with a particular goal in mind. Second, that impact procedure is conceptualized as occurring in a gathering setting. Collinson (2009) contends bunch individuals are constantly taken to be the pioneers supporters, in spite of the fact that that is in no way, shape or form mandatory. He, be that as it may, accentuates that without supporters pioneers don't exist and that authority just exists in the association among pioneers and adherents. Furthermore, Parry and Bryman (2006) include authority, being a procedure of impact, need not originate from the individual in control, yet can emerge out of anybody in the gathering. Third, a pioneer impacts the conduct of gathering individuals toward objectives with which the gathering is confronted (Mullins, 2008). Also, pioneers must a ssistance make strong and propelled groups (Knippenberg DeCremer, 2008). They should sell, or champion, new activities (Howell and Boies, 2004). What's more, pioneers must assist individuals with comprehending emergencies (Drazin et al., 1999). 2.2 Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) Project 2.2.1 Introduction of GLOBE Project Worldwide Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) Project featured the examination of initiative, national culture and hierarchical practices focused on further honing and refining the social information for giving a precise and coordinated procedure on the cooperation of culturally diverse administration (Chhokar, et al., 2007; House, 2004a; Gupta and House, 2004). In view of the quantitative information of 17,000 chiefs in 62 social orders, GLOBE as a ten-year research program is upheld by 150 specialists all through the world (House, 2004b). The significant develops examined in the GLOBE Program are nine components of societies in the view of worldwide pioneer practices: Force Distance; Vulnerability Avoidance; In-Group Collectivism; Institutional Collectivism; Sex Egalitarianism; Execution Orientation; Confidence Orientation; Future Orientation; Sympathetic Orientation. 2.2.2 Intellectual Roots of GLOBE Constructs Gupta and House (2004) stressed that GLOBE builds were hypothetically determined, and observationally approved. They contended that Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance depend on Hofstedes (1980) work; In-bunch Collectivism estimates pride in, and dependability to, the family, and is gotten from the Triandis et al. (1988) take a shot at in-gatherings; Institutional Collectivism catches (conversely) a similar develop as Hofstedes Individualism. They tended to that Hofstedes (1980) build of Masculinity was utilized as a premise to build up the two particular measurements: Gender Egalitarianism and Assertiveness Orientation. Sexual orientation Egalitarianism is like the United Nations Development Programs (UNDP) idea of Gender Empowerment. Confidence Orientation is established in the relational correspondence writing (Sarros Woodman, 1993). Moreover, they asserted that Performance Orientation was gotten from McClellands (1961) chip away at the requirement for accomplishment. Future Orientation is gotten from Kluckhohn and Strodtbecks (1961) Past, Present, and Future Orientation measurement, and from Hofstedes (2001) Long Term Orientation, which centers around the transient method of the general public; and Humane Orientation has its foundations in Kluckhohn and Strodtbecks (1961) work, Human Nature is Good versus Human Nature is Bad measurement. 2.2.3 Strategic Significance of Cultural Dimensions 2.2.3.1 Power Distance Hofstede (2001) and Schwartz (1994) address that Power Distance alludes to a societies inclination for separated, various leveled versus undifferentiated, populist status inside the general public. Expanding on their work, the GLOBE Project meaning of Power Distance is how much individuals from an association or society expect and concur that force ought to be shared inconsistent (House and GOLBE Program, 2004, P.517). Accordingly, lower-status people are relied upon to yield to higher-status people who, thusly, have the obligation to take care of the requirements of the lower-status people. In societies low in power separation, predominant subordinate relations are hypothetically close and less formal in nature; in societies high in power separation, their connections are relied upon to be all the more progressively inaccessible, requested and held (House and GOLBE Program, 2004). Convictions about the proper Power Distance among specialists and subordinates could shape the idea of people groups relationship with specialists (Offermann and Hellmann, 1997). Force Distance, along these lines, is exceptionally pertinent to the investigation of authority. High Power Distance shows an inclination for absolutist and paternalistic administration, while low Power Distance requires progressively administrative discussion and agreeability (Gupta and House, 2004). 2.2.3.2 Uncertainty Avoidance The element of Uncertainty Avoidance is worried about the degree to which individuals look for organization, consistency, structure, formalized techniques, and laws to manage normally happening unsure and significant occasions in their day by day lives (Luque and Javidan, 2004). Individuals associated to have a significant requirement for security are probably going to oppose change since it compromises their sentiments of wellbeing. In higher vulnerability evasion social orders, greater need is given to the preparation of specialists instead of laypeople for specific undertakings (Hofstede, 2001). Here, Citizens are progressively reliant on government, however they like it as such. (Hofstede, 2001, P. 172) Uncertainty Avoidance is additionally connected with tight social orders, where social solidarity and strength is stressed (Hofstede, 2001). In this way, Uncertainty Avoidance is identified with the estimations of individual congruity, protection from social change, enthusiasm for national as opposed to worldwide undertakings, and a call for national administration (Eckhardt, 1971). Then again, the free social orders will in general be less vulnerability maintaining a strategic distance from. Here the estimations of gathering association, convention, perp etual quality, strength and solidarity are lacking, and degenerate conduct is effectively endured (Pelto, 1968). 2.2.3.3 In-Group Collectivism In-Group Collectivism identifies with how the people identify with their family, as a self-sufficient character or on the other hand as cognizance of obligations towards their family (Gelfand, et al., 2004). It is related proudly in alliance and a general full of feeling recognizable proof with, and a general emotional duty towards, family, gathering, network, and country (OReilly and Chatman, 1986). In solid in-bunch aggregate societies, individuals from birth onwards are incorporated into solid, firm in-gatherings, which all through people groups lifetime keep on ensuring them in return for unquestioning reliability. (Hofstede, 1980: 51) In such societies, there is an accentuation on joint effort, cohesiveness and agreement, just as an exertion by individuals to apply aptitudes to help their family or in-gathering. The in-bunch serves three essential needs: the requirement for association, contribution, consideration and belongingness; the requirement for closeness, love, and a feeling of character; and the requirement for government managed savings, backing, control, and force (Schutz, 1958; Festinger, 1954). It speaks to a high level of passionate connection and individual association of individuals in the bigger gathering, and in this manner cultivates an enthusiasm of the individuals in the general eventual benefits of the gathering (Allen Meyer, 1990). In-bunch cooperation encourages availability to a gathering principally in light of the fact that individuals need to be an individual from the gathering and just optionally on the grounds that they should or need to. 2.2.3.4 Institutional Collectivism The component of Institutional Collectivism is reflected in inclinations for closer work relations and higher association with ones social unit (Chhokar, et al., 2007). Institutional Collectivism accentuates shared goals, compatible interests, and normal social practices of the individuals dependent on relationship with others in gatherings (Chatman et al., 1998). Conversely, an absence of institutional cooperation will in general be related with a distraction with confidence (Bellah et al., 1985). In less institutionally aggregate social orders, individuals recollect their past presentation as far superior to it really was (Crary, 1966), guarantee more obligation than their mates give them kudos for in family unit undertakings (Ross and Sicoly, 1979), judge constructive character ascribes to be more proper in portraying themselves than in depicting others (Alicke, 1985), and assume acknowledgment for progress, yet credit inability to the situational factors (Zuckerman, 1979). Instit utional Collectivism will in general be more noteworthy in the Eastern pieces of the world, which regularly depend on stable casual establishments for social soundness and financial action, when contrasted with most social orders in the West, which depend on increasingly formalized foundations (Gupta, Sully and House, 2004). 2.2.3.5 Gender Egalitarianism Sex libertarianism mirrors a characteristic comprehension among people, which enhan

The Supreme Sir Isaac Newton Essays - Copernican Revolution

The Supreme Sir Isaac Newton The Supreme Sir Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was the best and most unmistakable physicist to ever stroll upon the Earth's surface, yet we have the Anti-Newtonians who state that Sir Isaac Newton ought not be considered the best/most compelling physicist of the past or present. Be that as it may, in Dr. Michael Harts book The 100 Most Influential People in History Sir Isaac Newton is recorded as the second most significant individual in history with Muhammad being the first, and Jesus Christ being the third. Unquestionably it must take an extraordinary man to arrive at a status higher than Jesus Christ! So what was it that Sir Isaac Newton did to hoist himself over different physicists of yesterday and today, for example, Thales of Miletus (625-545 B.C), Tycho Brahe (1546-1601), Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Albert Einstein (1879-1955), James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), and Richard Feynman (1918-1988)? The response to this inquiry can be found inside Sir Isaac Newton's get-together of the laws and spec ulations of the physicists before him that should have been utilized in the advancement of his own three laws of movement. These three laws made ready for the physicists of things to come, and still lie at the core of pretty much every advanced material science issue. Michael Write the writer of Isaac Newton The Last Sorcerer states ?It is no distortion to state that nearly all that we do in the advanced world depends on Sir Isaac Newton's tremendous accomplishments and that this position is supported by his unparallel commitments to science.? (p.363) The gifts to science that made Sir Isaac Newton the most famous physicist in history likewise formed and improved humanity's perspective on their general surroundings. Daniel Orange, PhD., and Gregg Stebben state, ?The virtuoso of Newton's laws made it conceivable to anticipate the conduct of anything mechanical that the eye can see? diminishing the perplexing scene to a basic machine a lot of like a vehicle, a bicycle, or an egg blend er.? In spite of the fact that Sir Isaac Newton kicked the bucket in 1727, his extraordinary work kept on propelling our insight into our planets machinelike properties, yet of the other planetary bodies inside our universe. In George Gamow's book The Great Physicists from Galileo to Einstein It is composed ?The advancement of Newton's work done by extraordinary mathematicians of the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years have permitted us to ascertain with incredible accuracy the movement of the planets of the galaxies under the activity of shared gravitational fascination.? (p.62) So as should be obvious, Sir Isaac Newton's direction helped us to accomplish the most recent 600 years of logical edification, and as Alexander Pope once said ? Nature and nature's laws lay covered up in the night: God stated, Let NEWTON BE and everything was light.? Reference index Not so much an article. Pretty much it is a short section I composed for formative english. Material science

What You Can Learn About Life, Communication and Death from Reality TV

What You Can Learn About Life, Communication and Death from Reality TV I have a confession to make: I am a communication junkie. And it gets worse: I have been following the reality show The Bachelorette (with bachelorette Andi Dorfman), entranced by the ins and outs of communication between the show’s participants. I admit that I am susceptible to getting swept up in the drama of these shows, especially when something happens that strikes a chord in my own life. “Reality” TV, after all, is about real people. Real things happen on the show, as well as to people after they leave. Real communication happens constantly. This season, about a month after Andi sent one of the men, adventurer Eric Hill, home, he was killed in a paragliding accident. Their last conversation, the one that drove him off the set permanently, was not exactly a positive one. I was frankly shocked by how it went. The following is excerpted from their conversation: Eric: I feel like you’re not being “the” Andi with me. I’ve seen little glimpses of you. Like the real you… And that’s the Andi I like. When we were building the kite. When we were building the sand castle. When you were just gripping leather when we took off in the helicopter. I came on this to meet a person, not a TV actress. Andi: You think I’m a TV actress? Eric: I see two different sides of Andi. Andi: What do you think you see every day though? Eric: Poker face. Andi: Really? Eric: And I understand. You do need to be fair and diplomatic around the other guys. But this is our one-on-one time. This is where you can show me… Andi: You’re sitting here looking me in the eye and telling me I have a poker face on. Eric: Not now. Andi: But before? Eric: Yes. When we would talk, I was having such a hard time reading you. Andi: I’ve asked everybody to be open and this is what this is about and you have every right to be open and I respect you being open, I really do, even though it hurts. But I’m very taken aback by that. Eric: This is the real Andi I’m talking about… Do you feel like you’ve been comfortable and natural all the time? Andi: … Not a chance. But do I work my ass off and stay up late so that everyone knows that I’m here for them? Yeah I do. You have no idea what it takes. You have no idea how exhausted I am. You have no clue how it is to look people in the face and send them home. You have no idea. So for you to sit here and tell me I have a poker face is so offensive to me… Eric: Andi, I’ve seen you smile, and I know that when the cameras aren’t here, there’s been a different side of Andi. Andi: You’re continuously calling me fake though… Do I not realize that there are cameras everywhere? Do I not realize there are guys there? YES I do. But you’re seriously still insulting me. What if I sat here and was insulting you? Can I just be honest? This is so far past healthy, this is so far past what needs to be happening. I want you to have come here and have had a good experience… I… Eric: You’re so upset with me… I’m sorry. I just, I want you to be totally comfortable with me. Andi: I’m not gonna sit here and pretend to just be okay with that. But I think at this point you and I both know this is not gonna work… I cannot fight for somebody who doesn’t believe in me and I don’t think you do. Eric: If you don’t think I believe in you it won’t ever work. Andi: I don’t think you do. … Am I missing something here? Eric gave Andi some genuine feedback on how much he liked her when she was able to relax and be herself. He tried to tell her he wanted more of that. He tried to tell her, while she was expressing her anger and pain, that he was now seeing the true Andi, the one he wanted to see. Yet all she could hear were the negatives and “insults” that, in my opinion, were not even there. She latched on to “poker face” and “actress” and refused to let go. If I had been Andi, I would have been more, not less, interested in Eric after this conversation. I want a relationship partner who challenges me to show my true self, whether playful or hurt or angry. And I wonder, if Andi had known that Eric would die shortly after their conversation, if perhaps she would have responded with a bit more receptivity. Perhaps she would have appreciated Eric for his honesty. Perhaps she would have taken his coaching. Perhaps she could have seen, instead of a man who was insulting her, a man who was 100% on her side and wanting to be with her most open and genuine self. Instead, they left it like this: Eric: I do think you’re reading the way I feel a little bit heavy. And I’m gonna be thinking about how it all ended. Andi: Me too, me too. Now the entire reality-TV-watching world is thinking about how it ended. I hope others, like me, are reflecting on what’s important in communication and in life.

Robert Frosts Mending Wall - 1183 Words

Robert Frosts Mending Wall In his poem Mending Wall, Robert Frost presents to us the thoughts of barriers linking people, communication, friendship and the sense of security people gain from barriers. His messages are conveyed using poetic techniques such as imagery, structure and humor, revealing a complex side of the poem as well as achieving an overall light-hearted effect. Robert Frost has cleverly intertwined both a literal and metaphoric meaning into the poem, using the mending of a tangible wall as a symbolic representation of the barriers that separate the neighbors in their friendship. Mending Wall is about two neighbors who disagree over the need of a wall to separate their properties. Not only does the wall act as a†¦show more content†¦These phrases are also figurative and represent the setting of a barrier in the neighbors friendship. When they meet to repair the wall, it could be metaphorically interpreted as repairing their friendship and resolving disputes. To each the boulders have f allen to each (line 16) shows that fault lie on the behalf of both neighbors. The metaphor in line seventeen compares their disputes to loaves and balls - some are small and some are large. Figurative language has been used to convey the meaning and significance of building the wall. An overall light-hearted tone has been achieved throughout the poem. One of the main techniques used to achieve this is the inclusion of conversation. Stay where you are until our backs are turned! (Line 19) and the metaphor spring is mischief in me (line 28) for example, shows the neighbors having fun mending the wall together, creating a cheerful, light-hearted atmosphere. The comparison of the repairing of the fence to an outdoor game also contributes to this light-heartedness. Although the narrator does not want the wall, ironically, the mending of the wall brings the neighbors together. In repairing the fence, the neighbors are spending time together, building their friendship and improving the com munication between them. Humor has also been used as a technique to achieve a light-heartedShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Robert Frosts Mending Wall1475 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing Robert Frost’s â€Å"Mending Wall† Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26th in 1874. Robert Frost s personal life was filled with grief and insecurities. When he was 11, his father died of tuberculosis, his mother died of cancer years after, and his sister was confined into a mental institution where she also later died. Elinor and Robert Frost had six children together. One of their sons died of cholera, one son committed suicide, one of their daughters died afterRead MoreAnalysis Of Robert Frosts Mending Wall995 Words   |  4 Pages Mending Wall† is a poem by the twentieth century American poet Robert Frost. Whenever we learn about poetry in school, Robert Frost has always been one of my favorite poets (along with Charlotte Brontà «). Poems like The Road Not Taken† and Nothing Gold Can Stay† were always my favorites. I remember reading Mending Wall† sometime freshman or sophomore year, and it had intrigued me. We hadnt looked to deep into the poem as much as I would have liked. All of his poems have thisRead More Robert Frosts Mending Wall Essay535 Words   |  3 PagesRobert Frosts Mending Wall Traditions have always had a substantial effect on the lives of human beings, and always will. Robert Frost uses many unique poetic devices in his poem â€Å"Mending Wall,† as well as many shifts in the speaker’s tone to develop his thoughts on traditions. The three predominant tones used are those of questioning, irony and humor. The speaker questions many things in relation to the wall that is being rebuilt. For example, â€Å"Something there is that doesn’tRead MoreRobert Frosts Mending Wall1210 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis Mending Wall, By Robert Frost In Mending Wall, Robert Frost uses a series of contrasts, to express his own conflict between tradition and creation. By describing the annual ritual of two neighbors repairing the wall between them, he contrasts both neighbors through their ideas and actions, intertwining the use of parallelism and metaphors, in order to display his own innermost conflict as a poet; the balance between what is to be said and what is to be left to the reader, the balanceRead More Analysis of Robert Frosts Mending Wall Essay1173 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost’s Mending Wall In his poem Mending Wall, Robert Frost presents to us the thoughts of barriers linking people, communication, friendship and the sense of security people gain from barriers. His messages are conveyed using poetic techniques such as imagery, structure and humor, revealing a complex side of the poem as well as achieving an overall light-hearted effect. Robert Frost has cleverly intertwined both a literal and metaphoric meaning into the poem, using the mending of aRead More The Themes of Robert Frosts Mending Wall Essay2147 Words   |  9 PagesThe Themes of Robert Frosts Mending Wall One of the major themes of Frosts Mending Wall is the cycle of the seasons. Several phrases refer to the seasons, particularly in a repetitive, cyclic way: spring mending-time, frozen ground-swell, once again, spring is the mischief in me. Another theme is parallelism or the lack of it. Sometimes this parallelism takes a physical form, associated with the wall, as we imagine the two men walking parallel paths: We meet to walk the line. WeRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Robert Frosts Mending Wall1031 Words   |  5 PagesTo build a wall   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mending Wall† is a poem written in Robert Frost’s second book of poetry, â€Å"North of Boston†. This poem tells a story about the so called crucial part of every piece of property, a fence, and the advantages and disadvantages that seem to come with having a fence in your property.This poem involves two neighbors who hold opposite answers as to weather the wall should stay or go. Though the speaker presents himself as an enlightened person and his neighbor as a foolish prisonerRead More Working Together in Robert Frosts Mending Wall Essay869 Words   |  4 PagesWorking Together in Robert Frosts Mending Wall The air is cool and crisp. Roosters can be heard welcoming the sun to a new day and a woman is seen, wearing a clean colorful wrap about her body and head, her shadow casting a lone silhouette on the stone wall. The woman leans over to slide a piece of paper into one of the cracks, hoping her prayer will be heard in this city of Jerusalem. Millions are inserting their prayers into the walls of Japanese temples, while an inmate in one of aRead More The Theme of Isolation in Robert Frosts The Mending Wall Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Isolation in Robert Frosts The Mending Wall Robert Frosts The Mending Wall is a comment on the nature of our society. In this poem, Frost examines the way in which we interact with one another and how we function as a whole. For Frost, the world is often one of isolation. Man has difficulty communicating and relating to one another. As a result, we have a tendency to shut ourselves off from others. In the absence of effective communication, we play the foolish game of avoidingRead More Societal Barriers in Robert Frosts Poem The Mending Wall Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesSocietal Barriers in Robert Frosts Poem The Mending Wall The Mending Wall by Robert Frost is one of the poems in his collection that he wrote after his encounters with back- country, New England farmers. The poem centers on a wall that separates one neighbor from the other. The introduction to the wall describes the large gaps in need of repair that appear after hunters accidentally shoot the wall while hunting rabbits. The narrator then lets his neighbor know that the wall is in need of repair

Words For Transportation in Spanish

If youre visiting an area where Spanish is spoken, youll need a means of transportation. Here are some of the most common ones, along with a sample sentence for each. Common Spanish Words For Transportation Airplane: el avià ³n. (An airport is un aeropuerto.) Los bebà ©s pueden viajar en avià ³n desde los primeros dà ­as de vida. (Babies can travel by plane from the first days of life.) Bicycle: la bicicleta, la bici. Cuando la gasolina subià ³ a cuatro dà ³lares, comprà © mi bicicleta para ir al trabajo. (When gasoline rose to four dollars, I bought my bicycle for going to work.) Boat: el barco, la bota, la barca, el ferry, la lancha, la chalupa, la canoa, la piragua, el kayak. (Names vary with type of boat and sometimes region.) Usted puede viajar en barco de una isla a otra sin problemas. (You can travel by boat from one island to the other without problems.) Bus: el bus, el autobà ºs, el à ³mnibus, el camià ³n, la camioneta, la chiva, el pullman. (Names vary with region and type of bus, and there are also other names not listed here.) El bus de Barcelona es probablemente el mà ¡s conveniente. (The Barcelona bus is probably the most convenient.) Car: el coche, el carro, el automà ³vil, el auto. Los nià ±os viajarà ¡n con mà ¡s seguridad en el coche si usan las sillas homologadas. (Children will travel more safely in the car if they use approved car seats.) Foot: el pie. El hotel se encuentra a 7 minutos a pie de la estacià ³n de ferrocarril. (The hotel is located seven minutes by foot from the train station.) Helicopter: el helicà ³ptero. El helicà ³ptero es una aeronave propulsada por uno o mà ¡s rotores horizontales. (The helicopter is an aircraft propelled by one or more horizontal rotors.) Horse: el caballo. Hay dos paseos a caballo al dà ­a, uno en la maà ±ana y uno en la tarde. (There are two horseback rides a day, one in the morning and one in the afternoon.) Motorcycle: la motocicleta, la moto. Diarios de motocicleta es una pelà ­cula biogrà ¡fica basada en los diarios de viaje de Che Guevara y Alberto Granado. (The Motorcycle Diaries is a biographical movie based on the trip diaries of Che Guevara and Alberto Granado.) Subway: el metro, el subterrà ¡neo. El subterrà ¡neo de la Ciudad de Mà ©xico es uno de los mà ¡s modernos del mundo.  (Mexico Citys subway is one of the most modern in the world.) Taxi: taxi. Ofrecemos servicio de taxi seguro, rà ¡pido y confiable. (We offer safe, fast, and reliable taxi service.) Train: el tren. (A high-speed train is often a tren de alta velocidad. An express train is known as a tren expreso, tren express, or tren rà ¡pido. A sleeping car is usually known as a dormitorio. A railway is un ferrocarril.) Suiza es el paà ­s de los trenes de montaà ±a. (Switzerland is the country of mountain trains.) Truck: el camià ³n. (Other names are also used; a pickup truck is often known as una camioneta, un pickup, or una pickup.) Busco trabajo de chofer de larga distancia en camiones. (Im looking for work as a long-distance truck driver.) Van: la furgoneta, la camioneta, la vagoneta, la buseta, el furgà ³n, el van. (Names vary with region and type of van.) La furgoneta Volkswagen fue popularizada por los hippies en Norteamà ©rica. (The Volkswagen van was popularized by American hippies.) Using Prepositions With Transportation The preposition a is used most often when stating the type of nonmechanical transportation behind used, as in the examples above. En is used most often in phrases that state the type of mechanical transportation being used. It is usually translated as in or by. Tenemos consejos prà ¡cticos sobre el transporte marà ­timo en Grecia y las principales rutas por barco. (We have practical advice about sea transportation in Grence and the principal routes by ship.)Desde allà ­ se puede llegar al hospital por autobà ºs urbano. (From there you can arrive at the hospital by municipal bus.) ¿Es normal que me duelan los oà ­dos cuando viajo en avià ³n? (Is it normal that my ears hurt when I travel in a plane.)En tren de alta velocidad el viaje lleva unas seis horas. (The trip takes six hours by high-speed train.)Un joven en bicicleta fue atropellado por un vehà ­culo el lunes por la maà ±ana. (A youth on a bicycle was struck by a vehicle Monday morning.) However, por is seldom wrong: Tenemos consejos prà ¡cticos sobre el transporte marà ­timo en Grecia y las principales rutas por barco. (We have practical advice about sea transportation in Greece and the principal routes by ship.)Desde allà ­ se puede llegar al hospital por autobà ºs urbano. (From there you can arrive at the hospital in a municipal bus.) Key Takeaways The Spanish words for many types of transportation vary with region.The prepositions por and en are used most often in phrases referring to the type of transportation being used.

Ap English Literature and Composition Free Essays

string(21) " in our own writing\." AP English Literature and Composition â€Å"Only connect!†¦. Live in fragments no longer! † General Course Information 1. 0 Credits (. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap English Literature and Composition or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 per semester) Prerequisites: Accelerated English is recommended Course Overview †¢ This class will prepare students for AP English Literature and Composition Exam, as well as the AP English Language and Composition Exam. When registering for exams in the Spring, students will choose which exam to take. †¢ This course is set according to the requirements listed in the AP English Course Description. †¢ The reading in the course will cover a wide variety of genres.You will be introduced to everything from formal literary theory to creative writing. Deep reading, the kind that poses as many questions as it answers, will be expected. We will read for a variety of reasons, sometimes to grasp a thematic element and sometimes to simply enjoy the sounds of words. We will not only identify literary elements, but also why they are used and discuss their effectiveness. We will read across curriculums and relate English literature and its themes to those in philosophy, science, and psychology. †¢ This course also intends to hone your skills as writers.We will learn how to appeal to a certain audience and how vocabulary and structure change depending on the type of writing. We will practice deep revision and constantly recognize that writing is not simply putting thoughts down on a page, but a craft that takes a lifetime to perfect. We will discover our own individual styles as writers and use these to our advantage. Mechanics, citations, and technical writing will all be monitored closely. Above all though, we will see how our own words can excite, persuade, and create understanding. †¢ Finally, the course will hopefully make you a critical thinker.We live in the information age and no skill will be more in need than the ability to interpret information. The critical thinking skills you develop in this class will go on to help you on the AP Exams, the SAT, and in almost every aspect of your life. †¢ This course is divided around the different thematic ideas of conflict in literature, non-fiction, and life in general. While the traditional elements of conflict seem simple, we will explore the motives behind them. Finally, we will attempt to figure out how the characters choose to live (or die) with conflict and find resolution. Through non-fiction, we will explore how conflict has been created and resolved through rhetoric and argument. And how a well-written and polished argument can create a path of possibility even through the most mired of conflicts. Elements of the course: †¢ Writing. Drafts will be submitted to me and returned with comments. All papers will have a first and a final draft. Students may be asked to correct their drafts twice before submitting a final draft. All compositions will be graded on the AP rubric. One Friday a month, students will access their writing from the past month from their portfolio in class.During this time, we will have a writer’s workshop and address specific revision strategies. We will focus on revising sentence structure, organization, rhetorical structures, transitions, detail, imagery, conventions, and grammar. While timed writings are a part of this class, the Friday writer’s workshops will illustrate the importance of constant and careful revision. Students will also sign up for a meeting with me after-school every 2 months. At the first meeting, students will discuss with me their strengths and weaknesses. Together, we will assess their improvement throughout the year. †¢ Wordly Wise Vocabulary book will be due weekly.Periodic quizzes will test students’ knowledge. Wordly Wise is an excellent preparation for the SAT. The class will also have a Word Wall. The Word Wall will function to remind students of past vocabulary learned and encouraged the use of new vocabulary in writing. †¢ One interactive class project will happen for every unit. The project will often involve synthesizing knowledge from the unit and applying it to something outside English class: art, nature, current events, family life, etc. †¢ Reading journals: Students will keep dialectical reading journals throughout the course. These journals will help facilitate deep and thorough reading. he reading journal is also a great place to practice writing and collecting your thoughts cohesively. We will continuously use the reading journal in class discussion and come back to it to get ideas for essays. The reading journal will be counted as a grade underneath the writing category. Grading: |Writing (Journal included) |50% | |Exams |20% | |Vocabulary |10% | |Assignments and Projects |20% | Course Syllabus: Unit 1: Introduction 4 weeksReadings: †¢ Class Handouts †¢ â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† by Plato †¢ â€Å"Good Readers, Good Writers† by Vladimir Nabokov †¢ Excerpts from â€Å"Why I Write† by Joan Didion †¢ â€Å"Finishing School† by Maya Angelou †¢ Excerpt from Dust Tracks on a Road by Zora Neale Hurston †¢ â€Å"My Mother Never Worked† by Bonni e Smith-Yackel †¢ Everything’s an Argument by Andrea Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz †¢ Current articles from the New York Times Discussion Topics: The first few days in class will be spent looking at class policies, organizing notebooks, and receiving helpful information on the strategies we will use throughout the year. SOAPSTone, Dialectical Journal explanation, AP terms list, DIDLS, etc. ) Our first reading will be Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave. † Plato tells us that ideas, not necessarily our experiences, are reality. This argument will encourage us to look deeper into the ideas behind what we are reading and writing. Essays from Didion and Nabokov will give us specific tips on how to begin our journey as accomplished readers and writers. Then, we will switch gears to a short segment on narrative writing where will read 3 excellent examples of narrative in time for us to write our own narrative essay.While studying narrative writing, we will focus on specific examples of excellence in sentence structure, form, organization, and conventions. Finally, we will spend two weeks studying the text Everything’s an Argument, which we will continue to refer to throughout the year. We will learn how to identify successful rhetorical structures and use them in our own writing. You read "Ap English Literature and Composition" in category "Literature" During this examination of rhetorical analysis, we will use current New York Times editorials. Our writer’s workshop will for this unit will focus on varying our sentence structure for emphasis and effect. Assessments: Composition: AutobiographyComposition: Narrative essay over family Timed Writing: 2010 English Language and Composition Released Free Response Questions Argument Analysis: NY Times articles Writer’s Workshop: Sentence structure Unit 2: Person vs. Nature 5 weeks Reading: †¢ Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe †¢ â€Å"The Santa Ana† by Joan Didion †¢ Poetry of William E. Stafford †¢ Excerpts from Maslow’s â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation† †¢ Desert Solitaire by Edward Abbey †¢ Excerpts from Walden by Henry David Thoreau †¢ â€Å"The American Forests† by John Muir Viewing: †¢ Clips from Man vs. Wild Discussion topics: Person vs. Nature is possibly the oldest conflict in the world.Maslow theorizes that we cannot ascend up the hierarchy of needs until our most basic needs are met. Robinson Crusoe is essentially the story of a man having to begin at the bottom of the hierarchy and work his way up. Person vs. Nature is often illustrated with diction and imagery. In Stafford’s poetry and Didion’s essay, we are invited into their personal experience of nature through word and image choices. Finally, we see how the person vs. nature conflict changes as technology begins to take care of our rudimentary needs. In Desert Soltaire, nature maintains little of its aggressor status.Instead, man takes over as the force bent on destruction. Finally, we will end our discussion of person vs. nature by taking a field trip to McKinney Falls State Park. There, we will take pictures to provide visual evidence of multiple points of conflict. Our Writer’s Workshop will highlight organization. We will review our own strengths and weaknesses in organization from our past unit’s writing. Assessments: Composition: Using Maslow’s â€Å"Theory of Human Motivation† to explain Robinson Crusoe Composition: Literary analysis of imagery in Stafford poetry Composition: Compare/Contrast- Abbey and ThoreauTimed Writing: 2002 AP English Language and Composition Free-Response Questions Form B Argument analysis: John Muir’s letter to Congress Project: Field trip to McKinney Falls State Park. Capture visual evidence using cameras that illustrates the conflict of person vs. nature. Writer’s Workshop: Organization Unit 3: Person vs. Person 6 weeks †¢ A River Runs Through It by Norman McClean †¢ â€Å"Speech to the Troops at Tillbury† by Queen Elizabeth †¢ â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women† by Mary Wollstonecraft †¢ â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin †¢ Excerpts from â€Å"A Room of One’s Own† by Virginia Woolf †¢ â€Å"I Want a Wife† by Judy Brady All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy †¢ Selected poetry of e. e. cummings Viewings: Discussion topics: A River Runs Through It is the perfect bridge between discussion of the conflicts in nature to the conflicts between people. We will explore familial conflicts and traditional family archetypes. After we finish the novella, we will take a look at another reoccurring person vs. person conflict: gender roles. Queen Elizabeth, in her â€Å"Speech to the Troops at Tillsbury† used certain rhetoric to explain herself that was needed at the time. We will focus on how that language changed as women gained more equality. Finally, we will focus on style and the creative use of structure across two genres: novel and poetry. All the Pretty Horses will take us through several conflicts as John Grady Cole becomes an adult. Most striking though is McCarthy’s mastery of prose and creativity in structure. We will then make a comparison to e. e. cummings poetry, which also manages to leave out what we expect in format, in order to open our eyes to the exuberant images the poet provides. Our writer’s workshop will focus on how to add specific and concise, yet eye-opening detail to our writing. We will use our previous work in Unit’s 1 and 2 to revise and add detail. Assessment: †¢ Composition: Jung’s Archetypes in Literature †¢ Composition: The changing language of the women’s movement †¢ Composition: Analysis in style of either Cormac McCarthy’s All the Pretty Horses or e. e. cummings †¢ Timed Writing: 2004 AP English Literature and Composition Free-Response Questions (Form B) †¢ Argument Analysis: â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women† by Mary Wollstonecraft †¢ Project: Use Feminist Literary Criticism to analyze a children’s picture book. Writer’s Workshop: Detail Unit 4: Person vs. Himself 6 weeks Readings: †¢ King Lear by Shakespeare †¢ Sylvia Plath poetry †¢ â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall† by Katherine Anne Porter †¢ â€Å"Fate† by Ralph Waldo Emerson †¢ Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad †¢ â€Å"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad ’s Heart of Darkness† by Chinua Achebe †¢ â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† by George Orwell Viewings: †¢ Excerpts from Apocalypse Now Discussion Topics: King Lear will begin with family conflicts but by the end of the play, we will see a new type of conflict arise.Lear will have to grapple with his failing sense of reality and atone for what he now sees as his past sins. Katherine Anne Porter’s short story will also show the failure to grasp reality. Through the stream of consciousness point of view, the reader will feel like they are losing their grip on reality as well. Emerson’s poem will help us to understand if Lear’s problems were fate, or if fate merely took the fall for Lear’s bad judgment. Heart of Darkness is tied very closely to two types of conflict: person vs. himself and person vs. society. We will see how Kurtz’ descent into madness (yes!There will be many descents into madness in this unit! ) was caused by the evils of colonialism. Achebe argues in his essay â€Å"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness† that while Conrad was arguing against imperialism, he was doing so from a racist standpoint. We will analyze Achebe’s argument. Orwell will close out the unit by illustrating his own personal conflict with duty and attempt to â€Å"avoid looking a fool† in imperialist times. The Writer’s Workshop will focus on conventions, specifically advanced punctuation and its uses.Assessments: †¢ Composition: Characterization. Choose a character from King Lear, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, or Heart of Darkness. Analyze the literary techniques that are used to illustrate insanity and the onset of madness. †¢ Composition: From the 2004 Exam- â€Å"Contemporary life is marked by controversy. Choose a controversial local, national, or global issue with which you are familiar. Then, using appropriate evidence, write an essay that carefully considers the opposing positions on this controversy and proposes a solution or compromise. †¢ Timed Writing: 2003 AP English Literature and Composition Free-Response Questions †¢ Argument Analysis: â€Å"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness† †¢ Project: Using the class copy of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1994, create a power-point presentation that diagnoses either Lear or Kurtz with a particular mental illness. †¢ Writer’s Workshop: Conventions Unit 5: Person vs. Society 6 weeks Readings: †¢ The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien †¢ Political Cartoons from the Vietnam Era †¢ â€Å"Mutual Deterrence† Speech by Sec. f Defense Ro bert McNamara †¢ War Poetry Selections: â€Å" Dulce Et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen; â€Å"The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner† by Randall Jarrell; â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death† by William Butler Yeats; â€Å"My Father Leaves for Vietnam† by Lenard D. Moore; â€Å"Palestine† by Lorna Dee Cervantes; â€Å"The Daisy Cutter† by Louise Rill †¢ The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner †¢ â€Å"Living Under Circe’s Spell† By Matthew Soyster Viewing: †¢ â€Å"The War in Vietnam- A Story in Photographs† from The National Archives †¢ Excerpts from â€Å"Reporting America at War: The Reporters† from pbs. org †¢ Excerpts from The Fog of WarDiscussion Topics- We will begin studying person vs. society by examining how the life of a soldier is deemed honorable and sometimes necessary by society, but often looks mundane and horrific on an individual level. The Things They Carried will take us to one of the more controversial wars, Vietnam. By looking through collections of war photography from the National Archives and watching evening news broadcasts, we will determine what role the media had on the society’s opinion of the war. By reading a collection of war poetry, w e will look at the emotional toll that war exacts on individuals.Then, we will shift gears and begin reading The Sound and the Fury, a novel where each character struggles against societal norms that no longer fit the family’s reality. Finally, we will read Soyster’s essay on disability and the struggles associated with it. The Writer’s Workshop for this unit will focus on broad, thematic revision by evaluating the effectiveness of our thesis statements in our portfolio. Assessments: †¢ Composition- Research Topic: Choose one form of media. (Some examples could be television, movies, internet, telephones, etc.You may not choose photography. ) Research and examine the chosen media form’s impact on modern warfare. It should include both positive and negative impacts. †¢ Composition- Persuasive essay: Where should we draw the line with war photography? †¢ Composition- Literary analysis of symbolism in The Sound and the Fury. †¢ Timed Writing- 2001, Question 3- the Sontag photography piece, On Photography, 1977. †¢ Argument Analysis- â€Å"Mutual Deterrence† Speech by Sec. of Defense Robert McNamara †¢ Project- We will create a family tree that spans back 3-4 generations.As a class, we will discuss what â€Å"societal values† are family tree puts on us. We will take a particular look at any â€Å"values† that are placed there because of our blood and not because of our reality. †¢ Writer’s Workshop- Thesis Revision Unit 6: Resolutions 5 weeks â€Å"Only connect! That was the whole of her sermon. Only connect the prose and the passion, and both will be exalted, and human love will be seen at its height. Live in fragments no longer. Only connect, and the beast and the monk, robbed of the isolation that is life to either, will die. – Howard’s End Readings: †¢ Howard’s End †¢ â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver †¢ â€Å"On Self-Respect† by Joan Didion †¢ Poetry of Kahil Gibran †¢ Faulkner’s Nobel Acceptance Speech †¢ Woody Allen’s â€Å"My Speech to the Graduates† Viewings: †¢ Howard’s End 1992 version †¢ Discussion Topics: We will end the year with a Victorian class study in the novel Howard’s End. With a host of characters, we will see how some are able to overcome the conflicts and others do not. We will also look at â€Å"connecting the prose with the passion† as we reflect on our studies this year.Before exams, we will take a full week to do practice exams an d prepare the final touches on our AP experience. Finally, we will read several writers who focus on resolution rather than conflict. Through emotional experience, logical thinking, and even humor, we will see how characters and people in real life live and deal with conflict. Assessments: †¢ Composition: Analyze the role the house plays in the novel Howard’s End. †¢ Composition: Write a mock graduation speech that includes at least 4 quotes from readings throughout the year. †¢ Composition: â€Å"A picture is worth a thousand words. In our age of information, is a picture/movie/symbol worth more than the written word? Use the Rogerian style to persuade your audience. †¢ Timed Writings: Students will choose 3 timed writings to practice from released exams. †¢ Project: Collage. As a class, we will create a pictorial collage that represents conflict in the literature we have read and in life. We will then put quotes and phrases from the literature and essays we have read that illustrate overcoming conflict. The last part of the collage will show representations of different resolutions in life. 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Who commits the biggest sin an Example by

Who commits the biggest sin? Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarlet Letter is an exploration on how people deal with the concept of sin in their lives. Even in some of the earliest literatures like the Bible, sins and sinners have been a common topic for discussion. In this novel, the readers are presented with various characters, which have committed sinful acts at some point of their lives. The novel presents us with lovers whose sin was to fall in love with each other while they are in a wrong situation. The society marked this sinful act as adultery: both lovers have to repent and suffer for this sin for a very long time. The biggest sin committed in the novel however, was not by the lovers, but by the womans estranged husband. His sin was to think ill of other people, to the point of harming and killing them. His sin was not anchored on his love for the woman, but on his hatred towards the lovers. He was seeking deliberate destruction through illicit forms of knowledge. There are various identifiers on who committed the biggest sin in the novel. The biggest sin was identified because of the sinners intention. It could also be identified by the lives these sinners lived, whether it is a life of repentance or a life filled with hate. Finally, the most important identifier for the biggest sin is the sinners determination to make up for these sins. Need essay sample on "Who commits the biggest sin?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The first identifier for the biggest sin was the sinners intention when he committed that sin. In the novel, the sinners were the lovers Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale, and Hesters estranged husband, Roger Chillingworth. Roger Chillingworth faces the biggest sin in the novel because of his intentions in when he committed the sinful acts. His primary sin was to think evilly of his wife and her lover, with intentions of harming them both and murdering them. Roger Chillingworth represents true evil, with his intentions purely on the deliberate destruction of others rather than correcting others mistakes. He is also associated with the use of illicit forms of knowledge like his various chemical experiments and illegal medical practices that can be associated to witchcraft and crimes like murder. In Hawthornes 8th chapter entitled Another view of Hester, he stated that Hatred, by a gradual and quiet process, will even be transformed to love, unless the change be impeded by a continua lly new irritation of the original feeling of hostility (Hawthorne Chapter 8). This means that people who feel hatred may eventually outgrew hate, transforming it into love and acceptance. However, there are truly some who cannot do so because they are constantly thinking of the irritation it brings, thus awakening the original feelings of hostility. This is manifested by Roger Chillingworth, who intends to have his revenge no matter what it takes. With the Roger Chillingworths life intension based on revenge, he fits in as the biggest sinner on another identifier. This one is based on the life that each sinner lived, whether it is a life of repentance or a life still full of hate. Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale lived a life of repentance, wherein they both bear the scarlet letter in their chests. Dimmesdale was able to conceal it, since he holds an important position in the church. For Hawthorne, concealing the mark wont change anything: Ah, but let her cover the mark as she will, the pang of it will be always in her heart (Chapter 2). The mark they carry is a sign that they are bearing the pain of their sins anywhere they go. Their suffering is a proof that they bear it deep within their hearts. On the other hand, Roger Chillingworth is living a life full of hatred, wherein he is more concerned with revenge rather than fixing the matters with his wife and her lover. He is bent on destroying those who he thinks opposed hi m. With his life so full of anger, it is almost impossible to make amends with a person like him. As a husband, Roger Chillingworth was really neglectful, yet he expects that his wife would love and care for him. Despite the mistakes that Hester made, she was still willing to make up for all her sins. This is the final identifier for the biggest sin committed in the novel, which Roger Chillingworth still fits in. The final identifier for the biggest sin is whether or not the sinner is doing anything to make up for his mistakes. It is important to know whether or not the sinner is determined to make up and correct his mistakes. According to Hawthorne, a sin is like an ailment; A bodily disease, which we look upon as whole and entire within itself, may, after all, be but a symptom of some ailment in the spiritual part (Chapter 10). Hawthorne allusion to a disease means that it can be cured. He even emphasized that it could just be an ailment of the spiritual part, wherein it could be remedied by spiritual healing, by the repentance being made by both Hester and Arthur. On the other hand, Roger Chillingworth has made no efforts to change his ways and redeem his sins. Instead, he kept on spying on the two, and scheming on how he would be able to get even with Hesters betrayal and adulterous acts with Arthur. Roger Chillingworth committed the biggest sin in the Nathaniel Hawthornes novel, Scarlet Letter. This is because he neglected his wife, that she sought the love from someone who can give to her. The only sin that Hester and Arthur committed was to fall in love at a wrong situation. Their sin was rooted on love, as compared to the sins of Roger, which are rooted to hate and destruction. The lovers lived a life of repentance, while Roger lived a life full of hate. Above all, Roger didnt show any efforts to change his way and make up for his mistakes. References: Hawthorne, N. (1850). Scarlet Letter. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/scarlet/ Hawthorne, N. (2006). Themes, Motifs & Symbols of The Scarlet Letter. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/scarlet/themes.html Novelguide.com. (1999). Novel Analysis Scarlet Letter. Quotegarden.com. (2006). Quotations from The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1850.

Comparision Of The Yellow Wallpaper And The Darlin Essays - Fiction

Comparision Of The Yellow Wallpaper And The Darlin Essays - Fiction Comparision Of The Yellow Wallpaper And The Darling Comparison of The Yellow Wallpaper and The Darling In Charlotte Perkins Gilmans, The Yellow Wallpaper, and Anton Chekhovs, The Darling, we are introduced to main characters with lives surrounded by control. In Gilmans, The Yellow Wallpaper, the main character, which remains nameless, is controlled by her husband, John. He tells her what she is and is not allowed to do, where she is to live, and that is she is not permitted to see her own child. In Chekhovs, The Darling, the main character, Olenka, allows her own opinions and thoughts to be those of her loved ones. When John puts the narrator into the room, she writes in despite of him telling her that she should not. At the end of her first passage, the narrator tells us, There comes John, and I must put this away he hates to have me write a word. The narrator was told that writing and any other intellectual activity would exhaust her. The only thing that exhausts her about it is hiding it from them. The narrator tells us, I did write for a while in spite of them; but it does exhaust me a good deal having to be so sly about it, or else meet with heavy opposition. Conrad Shumaker suggests that John believes that if someone uses too much imagination then they will not be able to figure out reality. He fears that because of her imaginative temperament she will create the fiction that she is mad and come to accept it despite the evidence color, weight, appetite that she is well. Imagination and art are subversive because they threaten to undermine his materialistic universe In Gilmans Why I Wrote the Yellow Wallpaper, Gilman tells us that when she was sent home from the rest cure, Dr. Mitchell gave her solemn advice to live as domestic a life as far as possible, to have but two hours intellectual life a day, and never to touch pen, brush, or pencil again as long as she lived. The narrator cannot even be around or raise her baby. John hired a nanny, Mary, to take care of him. This even makes her more nervous. The narrator tells us, It is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby. Such a dear baby! And yet I cannot be with him, it makes me so nervous. In this short story, the narrator was forced to stay without her baby. In the introduction Thomas L. Erskine and Connie L. Richards tell us, Gilman was very much like her father in important ways, for she abandoned her daughter to her husband and like him, preferred to deal with her emotions at a distance in letters, books, or in her fiction. From this we see that Gilman actually had a choice on whether to be without her child. In the story, the narrator was told not to have her child around because of stress. When the narrator tells about the room, she says, I dont like our room a bit. I wanted something downstairs that opened to the piazza and had roses all over the window, such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! But John would not hear of it. The room has barred windows and rings and things in the walls. The narrator hates the ugly yellow wallpaper, but when she wanted John to change it, he told her that I was letting it get the better of me, and nothing was worse for a nervous patient than to give way to such fancies. Every time the narrator asked John for a different room, he threatens her with a room in the basement. Personally, I believe that John is doing everything wrong to help the narrator. Treating her like a child did not help her get well, it was her own strength at the end of the story that made her well again. John told the narrator not to write, see her child, and which room to live in. In Chekhovs, The Darling, Olenkas opinions changed with and as often as her husbands. When she was married to Kukin, the manager of a theatre, all of her thoughts were of the theatre. Whatever Kukin said

A Review of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe

A Review of 'Robinson Crusoe' by Daniel Defoe Have you ever wondered what you would do if you washed up on a deserted island? Daniel Defoe dramatizes such an experience in Robinson Crusoe! Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe was inspired by the story of Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish sailor who went to sea in 1704. Selkirk requested that his shipmates put him ashore on Juan Fernandez, where he remained until he was rescued by Woodes Rogers in 1709. Defoe may have interviewed Selkirk. Also, several version of Selkirks tale were available to him. He then built on the story, adding his imagination, his experiences, and a whole history of other stories to create the novel for which he has become so well-known. Daniel Defoe In his lifetime, Defoe published more than 500 books, pamphlets, articles, and poems. Unfortunately, none of his literary endeavors ever brought him much financial success or stability. His occupations ranged from spying and embezzling to soldiering and pamphleteering. He had started out as a merchant, but he soon found himself bankrupt, which led him to choose other occupations. His political passions, his flare for libel, and his inability to stay out of debt also caused him to be imprisoned seven times. Even if he wasnt financially successful, Defoe managed to make a significant mark on literature. He influenced the development of the English novel, with his journalistic detail and characterization. Some claim that Defoe wrote the first true English novel: and hes often considered to be the father of British journalism. At the time of its publication, in 1719, Robinson Crusoe was a success. Defoe was 60 when he wrote this first novel; and he would write seven more in the years to come, including Moll Flanders (1722), Captain Singleton (1720), Colonel Jack (1722), and Roxana (1724). The Story of Robinson Crusoe Its no wonder the story was such a success... The story is about a man who is stranded on a desert island for 28 years. With the supplies hes able to salvage from the wrecked ship, Robinson Crusoe eventually builds a fort and then creates for himself a kingdom by taming animals, gathering fruit, growing crops, and hunting.The book contains adventure of all sorts: pirates, shipwrecks, cannibals, mutiny, and so much more... Robinson Crusoes story is also Biblical in many of its themes and discussions. Its the story of the prodigal son, who runs away from home only to find calamity. Elements of the story of Job also appear in the story, when in his illness, Robinson cries out for deliverance: Lord, be my help, for I am in great distress. Robinson questions God, asking, Why has God done this to me? What have I done to be thus used? But he makes peace ​and goes on with his solitary existence. After more than 20 years on the island, Robinson encounters cannibals, which represent the first human contact hes had since being stranded: One day, about noon, going towards my boat, I was exceedingly surprised with the print of a mans naked foot on the shore, which was very plain to be seen on the sand. Then, hes alone - with only the brief far-off view of a shipwreck - until he rescues Friday from the cannibals. Robinson finally makes his escape when a ship of mutineers sail to the island. He and his companions help the British captain to take back control of ​the ship. He sets sail for England on December 19, 1686after spending 28 years, 2 months, and 19 days on the island. He arrives back in England, after being gone for 35 years, and finds that he is a wealthy man. Loneliness and the Human Experience Robinson Crusoe is the tale of a lonely human being who manages to survive for years without any human companionship. Its a story about the different ways that men cope with reality when hardship comes, but its also the tale of a man creating his own reality, rescuing a savage and fashioning his own world out of the untamed wilderness of a desert island. The tale has influenced many other tales, including The Swiss Family Robinson, Philip Quarll, and Peter Wilkins. Defoe followed up the tale with his own sequel, The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, but that tale was not met with a much success as the first novel. In any case, the figure of Robinson Crusoe has become an important archetypal figure in literature - Robinson Crusoe was described by Samuel T. Coleridge as the universal man.

Intro legal writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intro legal writing - Essay Example This had the effect of changing the entire society as people intermarried and adopted the ways of the Europeans. So instead of native tribal dynasties, a feudal system was established to facilitate payments where previous commercial transactions were conducted using only the barter system. The Normans were able to introduce certain legal concepts such as prison reforms for common criminals only in areas under their control. The Norman legal and political systems was at best patchy, uneven and confusing. Like most other areas of Northern Europe, the Irish legal system prevailed in the areas not controlled by the Normans. This Irish legal system was known as the Brehon Law (brehon means judge in the Irish language) and co-existed with the Normal system after the invasion, took a resurgence during the thirteenth century and went on until around the seventeenth century. Early Irish law during this period was a collection of statutes and these were not written down but in oral traditions governing everyday life. Laws were more inclined towards civil aspects rather than a criminal code to regulate inheritance, property and contracts in a hierarchical society but they also provided fines for the criminals. Early Irish traditional laws reflected pre-Christian practices and beliefs which were often in conflict with Canon Laws during the early Christian period. In other words, it was an odd mixture of secular laws existing in parallel with Christian influences with one odd feature which was the use of surety to compel compliance with a legal decision. It is generally agreed among historians that old Irish law was often inconsistent due to the mixing of old laws with the dictates of the Church as well as forced adaptation and innovation during that time into the legal system. However, there were two recognized schools of thought as far as Irish laws were concerned and these are the Bretha Nemed and the

Kenneth Clark, Katharine Hepburm, Harvey Milk, and Fred korematsu, and Essay

Kenneth Clark, Katharine Hepburm, Harvey Milk, and Fred korematsu, and all tried to create social change in areas of sexual or racial discrimination - Essay Example Although, Tracy Seth (John Holiday) and Margaret (Mary Nash) are divorced; Tracy feels that their family reputation must be protected (Cukor et al, 278). The novel Milk written by Milk Harvey (Sean Penn) covers the difficulties that Milk; a gay activist has to contend. Harvey tries harder to get people to understand and appreciate the sexual preferences of gays in the community (Jinks et al, 212). Kidd presents Dexter with an opportunity to get closer to Tracy. Dexter revealed that Kidd had an innuendo Laden cover up from her Tracy’s father Seth (John Holiday). Tracy’s family Margaret and Dinah (Virginia Weilder), Tracy’s sister, warmly; which disappoints Tracy. During her interaction with Mike, Tracy discovers the admirable qualities that he possesses (Nourmand & Graham, 256). Tracy finds herself wind up in confusion, between her ex-husband the Fiance and Mike, the reporter. To ease her mind, Tracy drinks for the second time in her entire life. She then resorts to a friendly swim with Mike. George gets to see the two, and he appears filled with Jealousy. Tracy uses the opportunity George presents, when confronting her of what he did the previous night, as an opportunity to break up with him on her wedding day. Mike proposes to marry Tracy, who declines in a nice way. When Dexter, her ex husband, asks for Tracy’s hand in marriage; she gladly gets a ccepts (Nourmand & Graham, 256). On the other hand, Harvey, later on, in his quest to fight for the gay rights, receives appointment as a Supervisor in the San Francisco’s board, in the year 1977. Milk takes pride in being the first gay man assimilated in the public office, in America. This way he not only succeeds in materializing the gay rights, but also used the opportunity to fake relations with the political society; from political officials to the union

Protecting Children from Harm in the Internet Age

Protecting Children from Harm in the Internet Age Yiliang, Yin Issues regarding children’s Internet safety remained an overarching concern for the society. But as a matter of fact, internet is already an irreplaceable part of daily life, especially for children (learning, gaming, and social networking). The Canadian government has introduced agreements to protect children. Nervertheless, some crimes are national basis. In addition, a lot of countries define ‘children’ differently, makes protecting children a harder work [Minujin et al. 2006]. Internet filtering technology has been conducted in most western countries as well as some developing countries. It is used to prevent Internet users from accessing materials that considered inappropriate or unsafe [Hamade, 2008]. Although parents and local institution are encouraged to use these software to protect their children and the community, but there is no guarantee that these software are 100% effective at regulating undesirable contents, they always likely to under- or over-block content. Therefore, besides using network level filtering, it is critical for parents, education- and government-related personnel to educate children about self-protection, risks and responsibility they may encounter while using the Internet. 1. INTRODUCTION Internet has become one of the most important media among the others. Common uses of internet among people including children are: Leaning Social-networking Entertaining The development of technology makes Internet usage more convenient. Children are now able to access internet from their cellphone, tablet and laptop instead of desktop computers. But this made supervision much more difficult than before [LoÃÅ' pez, Arnao and Puente, 2012]. While the internet is overall a great educational place for children, there are also exist areas that are not appropriate for children. Without appropriate supervision, children are likely to get contacted by contents involving: violence, porn, hate speech, etc. Although there exist unsafe contents on the internet, but internet itself is a powerful tool. The internet gives parents and educators better opportunity to teach children according to their age and interest, giving children better way of learning while having fun. Parents, education- and government-related personnel should work together in order to build a safer environment for children. It is everyone’s responsibility to build and maintain a healthy environment for children wherever they are, giving children a safe and nurturing childhood. 2. Children Internet Use Both the amount of children and their ability to use internet are increasing. Some parents claim they don’t know better than their child about the internet. According to a survey conducted by the pan-European survey published by the European Commission, children start to use the Internet at 7, and the age of internet user is decreasing, internet uses include: social-networking (89%), entertaining (84%) and schoolwork (80%) [Digital Agenda, 2010]. Therefore, building safe guideline and setting rules for children’s internet usage should start once they get contact with computer. An important role of enabling children’s safety online is to help them understand the concepts of safety and risks, so that they will be able to make better decisions in the future based on what they have known. Internet safety education is critical in protecting children from internet threats. Some people blocked children’s internet usage completely, claiming it as an evil thing, which will misguide the children. They should also keep in mind that internet use is one of the basic skills in daily life. In addition, children learn from their mistakes. Therefore, it is the goal to teach children the ’internet manner’ and ‘look before you leap’. 3. Potential Risks According to research, children between ages of 8-15 are mostly likely to be afflicted by online threats. Some are risky to their safety and privacy; some may also resulted from children intentionally or unintentionally violates the law, such as torts which may lead to dangerous situations. Figure 1 shows the overview of common internet risks from Valcke et al. (2011): Fig. 1. Overview of internet Risks File-sharing is a useful technology that allows teachers to show useful information to the student and peers to share files with each other. But many file-sharing programs, like email, give children a way of accessing harmful contents. Example of such contents including: pornography, violence, hate, racism. According to research from Valkenburg and Soeters (2001), figure 2 shows data from children’s positive experience of using internet, and figure 3 shows negative experience. Fig. 2. Positive Impacts about children’s Internet Use Fig. 3. Negative Impacts about children’s Internet Use While children are searching movie clips, some sexually explicit files or sites advocate usage of alcohol, tobacco or illegal drugs may appear. In this case, some online filter or parent-control software can be used. The most common contact risks to think of is a child turn up missing or being hurt after meeting someone online. This always resulted by young children especially girls allured by criminals online. There are many ways internet users can lose their privacy, and leading themselves to danger. If children carelessly exposed family address, phone number, or name to a stranger, serious danger may occur to family members as well. Besides, nowadays there are a lot of companies collecting potential customers’ information as registering for contests or filling address for prize, children should also be aware of giving out information this way, causing mental and property damage. It is not only our privacy we need to consider. Parents should also be aware their children putting other people’s information (e.g. friend, other family members, etc.) online. Making jokes as claiming a missing child by putting a friend’s information online can cause a lot of trouble to the family and police. People get angry sometimes, same for children. A lot of people take internet as a way to vent the anger. Children will have higher chance to be exposed to hate speech and violent sentence when get involved. The best defense for children is to avoid getting into online arguments until they are mature enough to filter out bad information, control the anger and speak out their minds. The lack of uniform definition as what is appropriate for children or what is the definition of children are different in most countries based on their culture. Most developed countries take 18 years old as the boundary to differentiate adults from children. But people get marry early in some country so they arrive their adulthood much earlier. In this case, the lack of uniform online legislation may allow children to access inappropriate material from other countries. 4. Present Concerns and Solutions Along with the growth of children’s internet use, a large number of Web 2.0 applications like Facebook came out, which makes it now more critical to protect children from unsafe online environment. There are three aspects need to be worked with: government regulation, technologies, parents supervision. 4.1 Government Policies regarding Children’s Online Safety According to Liu (2006), Ontario police established the earliest investigation group about child pornography. The investigators realized shortly, child pornography exists not only in certain places, it became an issue of the world. Online investigation needs a lot of time, money and human resources, especially skilled investigators. So the local police station founded an Internet Safety Committee, formed by police representatives, governors from election, members from the local Education Committee, etc., and their goal is to provide the safest online environment as they can for children. To accomplish the goal, the committee established the following detailed rules: educate students about the importance of internet safety; teach the parents how to protect their children from internet risks. The committee worked with one school and added specific course about Internet Safety for students with different age. An insurance company donated a disk with video about Internet Risks to the committee made the education process ran smoother than before. According to the research before experiment, 62% of elementary students were using internet in the spare time, and 23.7% of the student have visited online chatting rooms. For students in grade 9 and grade 10, 88.6% of them have spent spare time online, 66.19% students have chatted online within the last 6 months. The most disturbing result is that there were 90.5% of students thought it is alright to meet people that they met online, and 22% had already met their net friend. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) of United States had revised Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) on July 1, 2013. COPPA give US-parents greater control over their children’s privacy. It detailed what a website operator must follow, when and how to seek permission and verification from a parent to guardian, and what responsibility an operator has to protect children’s privacy and safety online, including restrictions on doing business with children under 13. 4.2 Internet Filtering Technology A lot of countries have chosen to establish national internet regulation with varying degrees of success, but sometimes will have unintended consequences. Number of countries who use filtering technologies to block the access of certain content has increased dramatically. Normally, the following threes filtering technologies are used to block the access of websites via network infrastructure: IP blocking, DNS filtering, and URL blocking using a proxy. Filters can also be implemented by using software on local computers, in other words, client-side filters. This type of filter can be managed by anyone with administrator-level privileges on the computer. It can be argued that net-work based filtering causes filtering errors: over-blocking and under-blocking. For example, when searching health-related information, some useful information may be filtered out by having same searching keywords with porn-related material. And most of the filtering software will prefer over-blocking instead of allowing any leaking information that their customers don’t want. As a result, over-blocking encourages users to bypass the filtering technology entirely. When new information is updated online, under-blocking may occur. The filtering software may fail to recognise the new information because it has not yet updated on the client side when blacklisting are used instead of whitelisting. With the rapid development of science and technology, people expect higher efficiency for their software. It has been reported that most inline filters (parent-control software) as well as online content filtering are slow when processing. According to AkbasÃÅ' § (2008), content filtering can be accelerated by examining only web content. In this case, offline filtering and proxy works synergistic, so filtering process and data transfer works independently to accelerate the filtering process. Therefore, decision can be made by examining only part of the web content. While children’s internet use at school or home is usually supervised and filtered, many children are now able to access internet through other devices and in different locations with no supervision and internet filter. This means, children are likely to access inappropriate material on the internet. It is therefore, important to educate children how to behave online, and discuss issues that may encounter when accessing Internet. 4.3 Parents and Educators’ Action When the government trying to enact laws to protect children as complete as possible, parents and other community members in the society also have the responsibility to guide children, provide a safe and entertained online environment for them. Except using filtering technologies, parents and educators should teach children how to safeguard themselves, since the most effective way of preventing problems arising from internet use is to empower children. Guardians and educators can teach them about legal boundaries, moral and ethical norms regarding their culture. Empowering children can prevent them from being victims as well. It is undeniable that children adapt new technologies better than adults. This made a good relation with children much important, since young people usually will have a trusted relationship with peers or adults, so the influencers should be aware of the risks themselves and give reliable advices. In addition, parents, guardians, educators and trusted influencers should play an active role in teaching children about the risks they may face from sexually explicit materials online and how to avoid internet predators and scammers. Children should also be educated about being careful of sharing personal information on the internet. As children growing up day by day, parents’ guardian role becomes challenging. While parents are being responsible for their children’s safety, they have to respect children’s rights to privacy themselves. Parents might give up at this them, but it is urgent to encourage parents to talk and discuss with children about their online activity. (what the parents can do are: communicate with children as much as they can; make sure the children understand the importance of not exposing private information to strangers; make sure they don’t meet net friend; if found anything that children did were not appropriate online, stop them, and educate them; put the computer at where you can see easily; use parents control software;) 5. Conclusions Internet control is not impossible. Along working with children in their families and schools, there are a lot of actions that government can do to build public awareness to help children be benefit from the internet in a safe environment. For example, involve all members in the society to build public awareness about internet safety; encourage law enforcement and the educational department to develop best practices in proving safe online environment and dealing with crimes. The internet renovates so rapidly that the government regulation and technologies might not keep up. More effective and durable measures are those close to children: family, school, and community, guiding children to make good decisions, so that they will grow to become the next generation of responsible and trusted influencers. REFERENCES http://refworks.scholarsportal.info.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/refworks2/default.aspx?r=file::get_filefile_name=yyin051-RefList.htmlcontent_type=text/htmlfile_token=WWFvJ8ccM8n3WWpZKOfcZRsWMbn0Mo5vMb5yMoefNE90J8e0GApnVtW[ZhkcUCd[GtA1T8c4E. AkbasÃÅ' §. 2008. Next Generation Filtering: Offline Filtering Enhanced Proxy Architecture for Web Content Filtering. In Computer and Information Sciences, 2008. ISCIS 08. 23rd International Symposium on. 1-4. DOI:http://dx.doi.org.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/10.1109/ISCIS.2008.4717892 S. N. Hamade. 2008. Internet filtering and censorship. Information Technology: New Generations, 2008. ITNG 2008. Fifth International Conference on ( 2008) , 1081-1086. DOI:http://dx/doi.org/10.1109/ITNG.2008.50 Zhongwen Liu. 2006. On internet safety for canadian children. Journal of Liaoning Police Academy 39, 5 (September. 2006)DOI:http://dx/doi.org/1008-5378(2006)05-0049-02 E. M. LoÃÅ' pez, R. N. M. Arnao, and S. M. Puente. 2012. Children and adolescent risk environment characterization to use information technologies and communications (ICT): Case merida, venezuela. Latin America Transactions, IEEE (Revista IEEE America Latina) 10, 3 ( 2012), 1791-1797. DOI:http://dx/doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2012.6222586 Alberto Minujin, Enrique Delamonica, Alejandra Davidziuk, and D. E. Gonzalez. 2006. The definition of child poverty: A discussion of concepts and measurements. Environment and Urbanization 18, 481 ( 2006)DOI:http://dx/doi.org/10.1177/0956247806069627 M. Valcke, B. De Wever, H. Van Keer, and T. Schellens. 2011. Long-term study of safe internet use of young children. Computers Education 57, 1 (August. 2011), 1292-1305. DOI:http://dx/doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.01.010. P. Valkenburg and K. Soeters. 2001. Childrens positive and negative experiences with the internet an exploratory survey. Communication Research 28, 5 (October. 2001), 652-675. DOI:http://dx/doi.org/10.1177/009365001028005004 Page 1 of 7

Cph Herbal Medicines

10 Herbal Medicine RA NO. 8423- Phil Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) Mnemonic is BUBLY/SANTA B-AWANG (Hypertesion,Lowers Cholesterol, Toothache) U-LISIMANG BATO (PANCIT-PANCITAN) (Lowers uric acid, Rheumatism) B-AYABAS (Diarrhea, Wounds, Toothache) L-AGUNDI (Cough, Asthma, Fever) Y-ERBA BUENA (Muscle Pain, Athritis, Rheumatism, Cough, Headache) S- AMBONG (anti-Edema, Diuretic, Anti-Urolithiasis) A-MPLAYA (Diabetes, Mellitus) N-NIOG-NIOGAN (Paratism, Arcariasis, Anti-Helmintic) T-SANG GUBAT (Stomachache, Diarrhea) A-KAPULKO (Scabies, Anti-Fungal & Athletes Foot) Aromatic Medicinal PlantsContains volatile oil for treatment of fever, cough, colds, itchiness and gaspain. 1. Petals- (sampaguita, Rosal, jasmine) * Sore eyes, conjunctivitis, eye wash. 2. Leaves- (ex. Suha, Calamansi, Mangga) * Fever 3. Plant: a. Tanglad/Sale- Fever (whole plants) b. Damong Maria- Cough/Colds/Dysminorrhea (whole plant) c. Leaves of Mansanilya- Gaspain d. Camias- Fever e. Sibuyas - Ferver Astringent and bitter tasting Medicinal Plants * Tannin and pectin (decrease peristalsis) A-VOCADO LEAVES B-AYABAS LEAVES K-AIMITO LEAVES D-UHAT LEAVES S-AGING LEAVES S-ANTOL LEAVES M- ANGOSTEEN FRUIT K- ASUY (NUTS/LEAVES) T-SAANG GUBAT (MOUTH WASH)EFFECT: ANESTHETIC AND DEPRESSANT EFFECT TREATMENT/DS: SKIN Problems 1. Akapulko Leaves 2. Kalachuchi 3. Malungay 4. Kakawati 5. Makabuhay DEPRESANTS 1. Dapdap Leaves 2. Dita 3. Makahiya ACHES/PAINS 1. Damong Marya 2. Sambong ASCABIES/ANTI-CANCER DRUG/ DEPRESSANTS 1. Chichirica 2. Mabuhay IMPOTENCE/ERECTILE DISFUNCTION/DEPRESSANT/SLEEPING 1. MAKAHIYA BRONCHODILATOR 1. TALAMTUNAY PIGSA 1. MAYANA PLANT SEEDS- most of the time, anti-helmentic 1. Patola Seeds- ABORTION/ANTI HELMENTIC 2. IPIL-IPIL 3. BETEL NUT 4. SQUASH SEED 5. LANSONES- insect-repelant GRASS FAMILY- diuretic (edema,urinary problem,ihi-ihi) . Tubo 2. Tanglad 3. Pandan Lalaki FOR ASTHMAS 1. KAGON 2. PUGO-PUGO 3. BUTO-BUTONES 4. GATAS-GATAS RENAL STONE- bato sa bato 1. CORN HAIR (BUHOK NG MAIS) Natural Family Planning (kulang yung family planning ko, please hanap nalang po kayo sa iba ng additional. Thanks) Girls 1. Spacing # of Prenancy & Ideal Timing a. Barriers b. Hormones- IUD, Condoms (male/female) cervical cup, vanginal sponge, spermicites 2. Scientific Family Planning a. Natural Method A. 1 Cervical Mucus Method A. 2 Basal Body Temperature A. 3 Lactating Amenorrhea b. Standard Days Method 3. Tubal Ligation

Why Churchill Lost the 1945 Election

In 1945 Britain, an event occurred which still causes shocked questions from around the world: how did Winston Churchill, the man who had led Britain to victory in the Second World War, get voted out of office at the moment of his greatest success, and by such an apparently large margin. To many it looks like Britain was supremely ungrateful, but push deeper and you find that Churchill’s total focus on the war allowed he, and his political party, to take their eyes off the mood of the British People, allowing their pre-war reputations to weigh them down. Churchill and the Wartime Consensus In 1940 Winston Churchill was appointed Prime Minister of a Britain who appeared to be losing the Second World War against Germany. Having been in and out of favor over a long career, having been ousted from one government in World War One only to return later to great effect, and as a long-standing critic of Hitler, he was an interesting choice. He created a coalition drawing on the three main parties of Britain – Labour, Liberal, and Conservative – and turned all his attention to fighting the war. As he masterfully kept the coalition together, kept the military together, kept international alliances between capitalist and communist together, so he rejected pursuing party politics, refusing to aggrandize his Conservative party with the successes he and Britain began to experience. For many modern viewers, it might seem that handling the war would merit re-election, but when the war was coming to a conclusion, and when Britain divided back into party politics for the el ection of 1945, Churchill found himself at a disadvantage as his grasp of what people wanted, or at least what to offer them, had not developed. Churchill had passed through several political parties in his career and had led the Conservatives in the early war in order to press his ideas for the war. Some fellow conservatives, this time of a far longer tenure, began to worry during the war that while Labour and other parties were still campaigning – attacking the Tories for appeasement, unemployment, economic disarray – Churchill was not doing the same for them, focusing instead on unity and victory. Churchill Misses Reform One area where the Labour party were having success campaigning during the war was reform. Welfare reforms and other social measures had been developing before World War 2, but in the early years of his government, Churchill had been induced into commissioning a report on how Britain could rebuild after it. The report had been chaired by William Beveridge and would take his name. Churchill  and others were surprised that the findings went beyond the rebuilding they’d envisioned, and presented nothing less than a social and welfare revolution. But the hopes of Britain were growing as the war seemed to be turning, and there was vast support for Beveridge’s report to be turned into a reality, a great new dawn. Social issues now dominated the part of British political life that was not taken up with the war, and Churchill and the Tories slipped back in the public’s mind. Churchill, a one-time reformer, wished to avoid anything which might fracture the coalition and didn’t back the report as much as he might; he was also dismissive of Beveridge, the man, and his ideas. Churchill thus made it clear he was putting off the issue of social reform until after the elections, while Labour did as much as they could to demand it being put into practice sooner, and then promised it after the election. Labour became associated with the reforms, and the Tories were accused of being against them. In addition, Labour’s contribution to the coalition government had earned them respect: people who had doubted them before began to believe Labour could run a reforming administration. The Date Is Set, the Campaign Fought World War 2 in Europe was declared over on May 8th, 1945, the coalition ended on May 23rd, and the elections were set for July 5th, although there would have to be extra time to gather the votes of the troops. Labour began a powerful campaign aimed at reform and made sure to take their message to both those in Britain and those who had been forced abroad. Years later, soldiers reported being made aware of Labour’s goals, but not hearing anything from the Tories. In contrast, Churchill’s campaign seemed to be more about re-electing him, built around his personality and what he’d achieved in the war. For once, he got the thoughts of the British public every wrong: there was still the war in the East to finish, so Churchill seemed distracted by that. The electorate was more open to the promises of Labour and the changes of the future, not the paranoia about socialism that the Tories tried to spread; they weren’t open to the actions of a man who had won the war, but whose party had not been forgiven for the years before it, and a man who had never seemed – up to now – entirely comfortable with peace. When he compared a Labour-run Britain to the Nazis and claimed Labour would need a Gestapo, people were not impressed, and memories of the Conservative inter-war failures, and even of Lloyd George’s failure to deliver post World War 1, were strong. Labour Win The results began coming in on July 25th and soon revealed Labour winning 393 seats, which gave them a dominant majority. Attlee was Prime Minister, they could carry out the reforms they wished, and Churchill seemed to have been defeated in a landslide, although the overall voting percentages were much closer. Labour won nearly twelve million votes, to nearly ten million Tory, and so the nation wasn’t quite as united in its mindset as it might appear. A war-weary Britain with one eye on the future had rejected a party which had been complacent and a man who had focused entirely on the nation’s good, to his own detriment.​ However, Churchill had been rejected before, and he had one last comeback to make. He spent the next few years reinventing himself once more and was able to resume power as a peacetime Prime Minister in 1951.

What Is the Difference Between Molarity and Molality

Molarity and molality are both measures of the concentration of a chemical solution. Molarity is the ratio of moles to volume of the solution (mol/L) while molality is the ratio of moles to the mass of the solvent (mol/kg). Most of the time, it doesnt matter which unit of concentration you use. However, molality is preferred when a solution will undergo temperature changes because altering temperature affects volume (thus changing the concentration if molarity is used).​ Molarity, also known as molar concentration, is the number of moles of a substance per liter of solution. Solutions labeled with the molar concentration are denoted with a capital M. A 1.0 M solution contains 1 mole of solute per liter of solution.​ Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. It is important the mass of solvent is used and not the mass of the solution. Solutions labeled with molal concentration are denoted with a lower case m. A 1.0 m solution contains 1 mole of solute per kilogram of solvent.​ For aqueous solutions (solutions where water is the solvent) near room temperature, the difference between molar and molal solutions is negligible. This is because around room temperature, water has a density of 1 kg/L. This means the per L of molarity is equal to the per kg of molality. For a solvent like ethanol where the density is 0.789 kg/L, a 1 M solution would be 0.789 m. The important part of remembering the difference is: molarity - M → moles per liter solutionmolality - m → moles per kilogram solvent